Functional Safety (FS) refers to the protection of a system against hazards arising from faulty and interrupted functionality. Internationally, in various industries, there is a need to ensure continuity in requirements, design, operation, modifications, and decommissioning stages in order to maintain functional safety.

ATEX studies are conducted in industrial establishments to prevent and mitigate explosions caused by flammable liquids, vapors, flammable gases, and combustible dust. In this study, conducted in 64 different organizations in the pharmaceutical, food, chemical, energy, cement, foundry, and oil and gas industries, the following were examined:

As it can be clearly understood from lessons learned from past accidents, a significant majority of major accidents occur due to the lack of asset integrity and reliability. In Trevor Kletz's book "What Went Wrong?", it is highlighted that approximately 50% of industrial disasters causing significant destruction are attributed to deficiencies in asset integrity and reliability. To address this issue, the development of a reliability-centered maintenance program plays a crucial role. Criticality analyses serve as an important tool in this process.

In our country, many manufacturing facilities knowingly or unknowingly work with or engage in production activities involving flammable chemicals. Once these chemicals reach a certain concentration in the air, they can cause serious loss of life and property by igniting in the presence of an ignition source. One of the most prominent ignition sources is hazardous...

The aim of industrial process designs is to increase knowledge from research and development stage to commissioning and operation. The existence and adequacy of information in the process life cycle is shown in Figure 1. The knowledge required for routine operations should be put forward in research and development, conceptual design, and detailed engineering stages. Routine...

Industrial facilities inherently harbor various hazards. Danger is generally defined as chemical and physical conditions that have the potential to cause harm to humans, property, or the environment. In industrial facilities, there are different sources where hazards can arise. Commonly, chemicals present in facilities, operational errors, equipment-related...

Industrial facilities where hazardous chemicals are used, stored, and produced contain various factors that contribute to process safety accidents and involve uncertainties. Designing and modeling a hazard analysis method capable of evaluating all these factors is not possible due to these uncertainties...

Process hazard analyses are applied in various stages of organizations, such as R&D, design, review, commissioning, and decommissioning. The chosen analysis tool helps mature the project in terms of hazard and operability. The correct selection of the tool...

The word "electricity" is derived from the Greek word "elektron," which means amber (fossilized tree resin). Amber is also used to describe something that emits light. The first observation of electrification occurred during the rapid rubbing of amber. The phenomenon of light emission and the production of small sparks through strong electrification were first demonstrated by Von Guericke approximately 300 years ago...